The
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World were:
the
Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt.
the
Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
the
Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece.
the
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus.
the
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.
the
Colossus of Rhodes.
the
Lighthouse at Alexandria, Egypt.
The
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Since
ancient times, people have put together many “seven wonders” lists. Examples
include the Seven Wonders of the Natural World, the Seven Wonders of the Modern
World and the Seven Natural Wonders of the U.S. The content of these lists
tends to vary, and none is definitive. The original list of seven wonders is
the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, which is made up of a selection of
ancient architectural and sculptural accomplishments. The seven wonders that
are most widely agreed upon as being in the original list are outlined below.
The
Pyramids of Egypt
A
group of three pyramids, Khufu,
Khafra, and Menkaura located at Giza, Egypt, outside modern
Cairo, is often called the first wonder of the world. The largest pyramid,
built by Khufu (Cheops), a king of the fourth dynasty, had an original
estimated height of 482 feet (now approximately 450 feet). The base has sides
755 feet long. It contains 2,300,000 blocks. The average weight of each block
is 2.5 tons. Estimated date of construction is 2680 B.C. Of all the
Ancient Wonders, the pyramids is the only one still standing.
Hanging
Gardens of Babylon
Often
listed as the second wonder, these gardens, which were located south of
Baghdad, Iraq, were supposedly built by Nebuchadnezzar around
600 B.C. to please his queen, Amuhia. They are also associated with
the mythical Assyrian queen, Semiramis. Archeologists think that the gardens
were laid out atop a vaulted building, with provisions for raising water. The
terraces were said to rise from 75 to 300 feet.
Statue
of Zeus (Jupiter) at Olympia
Phidias
(fifth century B.C.) built this 40-foot high statue in gold and ivory. All
trace of it is lost, except for reproductions on coins. It was located in
Olympia, Greece.
Temple
of Artemis (Diana) at Ephesus
The
temple was a beautiful marble structure, begun about 350 B.C., in honor of
the goddess Artemis. The temple, with Ionic columns 60 feet high, was destroyed
by invading Goths in A.D.262. It was located in Ephesus, Turkey.
Mausoleum
at Halicarnassus
This
famous monument was erected in Bodium, Turkey, by Queen Artemisia in memory of
her husband, King Mausolus of Caria in Asia Minor, who died in
353 B.C. Some remains of the structure are in the British Museum.
This shrine is the source of the modern word “mausoleum,” which is a large
above-ground tomb.
Colossus
at Rhodes
This
bronze statue of Helios (Apollo), about 105 feet high, was the work of the
sculptor Chares. He worked on the statue for 12 years, finishing it in
280 B.C. It was destroyed during an earthquake in
224 B.C. Rhodes is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea.
Pharos
of Alexandria
The
seventh wonder was the Pharos (lighthouse) of Alexandria. Sostratus of Cnidus
built the Pharos during the third century B.C. on the island of
Pharos off the coast of Egypt. It was destroyed by an earthquake in the
thirteenth century.
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